Large sharp-structured building

How did the architect play with light on this building’s façade? 

Frank Gehry (b. 1929), Walt Disney Concert Hall, 2003. S. Greg Panosian/Getty Images.

5 Architectural Works to Know

Why are these extraordinary buildings among the most important in the world?

The contemporary buildings featured on these pages are unique in their design and the technology used to construct them. Each is immediately identifiable, and the architects who created them are renowned for their vision and skill. Read on to learn what makes each one special.

 Adrian Smith, George J. Efstathiou, and Marshall Strabala, Burj Khalifa, 2010. Gavin Hellier/Alamy.

What elements did the architect use to provide a sense of greatness?

Burj Khalifa

Year completed: 2010 

Location: Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Function: Retail space, offices, residential units, and a hotel

Why it is important: The form of a local desert flower and Islamic architecture inspired the Burj Khalifa’s design. Featuring a foundation made of concrete and steel and a sleek aluminum and glass façade, it is the tallest building in the world. The 160-story building rises 2,716 feet above the Persian Gulf.

 Gavin Hellier/Alamy. Santiago Calatrava (b. 1951), Oculus PATH Train Station, 2016. Architectural Photographer/Alamy. Licensed by Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.

How does this building’s name relate to its design?

The Oculus

Architect: Santiago Calatrava

Year completed: 2016

Location: New York, N.Y.

Function: Transportation hub 

Why it is important: The Oculus replaced a train station destroyed during the tragedy of 9/11. Its name means “eye” in Latin, referencing the many skylights along the building’s rooftop. To architect Santiago Calatrava, the construction, which features an exterior made of steel and glass, resembles “a bird released from a child’s hands.”

David Adjaye, Phil Freelon, Zena Howard, and J. Max Bond Jr., National Museum of African American History and Culture, 2016. Serhii Chrucky/Alamy.

How are this building’s form and function related?

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture

Architects: David Adjaye, Phil Freelon, Zena Howard, and J. Max Bond Jr.

Year completed: 2016

Location: Washington, D.C.

Function: Museum 

Why it is important: Located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., this museum honors the African American experience. The building, more than half of which is underground, is covered with a three-tiered ornamental bronze lattice. It can be modulated to control the amount of sunlight that enters. The building serves as a tribute to African American craftsmanship.

Frank Gehry (b. 1929), Walt Disney Concert Hall, 2003. S. Greg Panosian/Getty Images.

Walt Disney Concert Hall

Frank Gehry, Disney Concert Hall, 2003. David McNew/Getty Images.

Architect: Frank Gehry

Year completed: 2003

Location: Los Angeles, C.A. 

Function: Music auditorium 

Why it is important: Recognized as one of the most prestigious music auditoriums in the world, the Walt Disney Concert Hall’s exterior is made of gleaming stainless-steel curves that resemble silver sails. Inside, the magnificent main hall features hardwood panels and a sophisticated acoustic design that make this the perfect home for the Los Angeles Philharmonic.

Zaha Hadid (1950-2016), Wangjing Soho, 2009-2014. GuoZhongHua/Shutterstock.

What characteristics make this design corner-less?

Wangjing SOHO

Zaha Hadid, Wangjing Soho, 2009-2014. Bingdian/Getty Images.

Architect: Zaha Hadid 

Year completed: 2014 

Location: Beijing, China 

Function: Retail, entertainment, and office space

Why it is important: Wangjing SOHO’s architect, Zaha Hadid, is the first woman to ever win the most prestigious award in architecture—the Pritzker Architecture Prize, in 2004. The complex consists of three towers inspired by mountains. The contoured structures feature a glass curtain wall system, which is part of the sustainable design.

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